Interpregnancy interval (IPI) refers to the time between the birth of one child and conception of the next. Both short and a long IPI’s have been associated with increased risks in the second pregnancy, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Practically, this information is sometimes used to advise women how to best plan
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What is Ulcerative Colitis (UC)?
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the intestinal tract, specifically the large colon, causing pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. It has many similarities to Crohns disease, but Crohns affects any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Signs or symptoms of UC includes pain, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and poor weight gain.
What is Congenital Toxoplasmosis?
A type of parasite called Toxoplasma gondhii causes toxoplasmosis. The infection can be acquired by humans when eating undercooked meat of infected animals, insect contamination of food, contact with toxoplasma in the feces of infected cats, or by infected materials in soil. Toxoplasmosis Infection of Adults and Pregnant Women Infections for adults are typically asymptomatic,
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Pregnancy
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that occurs when the immune system begins to attack the body’s own tissues. SLE occurs frequently in women at reproductive age, and is associated with pregnancy complications. Generally, pregnancy outcomes are best for women whose SLE has been inactive for at least six months before pregnancy, and
Myasthenia Gravis and Pregnancy
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder caused by autoantibodies directed against nicotininc acetylcholine receptors in the skeletal muscle. This condition carries symptoms including muscle weakness in the eyes, limbs, and respiratory muscles. These symptoms usually present after repetitive use, like at the end of the day. For some patients, MG is only present in
Non-Obstetric Surgery During Pregnancy
There are many concerns of surgery during pregnancy. Some of these concerns include damage to the fetus from medications used for anesthesia or pain control, pregnancy loss, increased bleeding, infection, and preterm labor. These risks are in addition to the inherent risks of the operation itself. For obvious reasons, there are no randomized data on





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